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| Lotus Bud |
Introduction.
Whatever you call it botany, plant science or plant biology, botany is Branch of science.
And also one of the world's oldest natural sciences It. In which study That's includes anything that could be considered a plant, or have chlorophyll.
Like, algae, and vascular plants flowering plants and non-flowering plants.
Botany is a branch of biology that deals with the study of plants, including their structure, properties, and biochemical processes. Also included are plant classification and the study of plant diseases and of interactions with the environment.
Who discovered the botany.
Theophrastus, (c. 371–287 BC),
a Greek philosopher who first studied with Plato and then became a disciple of Aristotle is credited with founding botany.
Also, he is considered the father of botany.
Branches Of Botany.
- Cytology.. study of cell structure function and chemical reaction of cells deals with both Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell
- Plant anatomy. It deals with the study of the internal structures.
- Plant ecology..it deals with the study of distribution abundance of plant effect of environmental factors upon the abundance of plants and their interactions between plant and environment.
- Plant genetics..is the study of genes genetic variation of plants
- Plant Morphology Morph means shape logy means study...The study of physical structures of plant or external structures of the plant.
- Physiology... Is the study life of plant plants functions their behaviour chemical process and metabolic activities reproduction and communication being alive.
- Plant pathology. Deals with the disease of the plant caused by virus bacteria or any disease-causing.
- Plant taxonomy... Classification and naming of a plant according to the rules of the taxonomy.
- Palaeobotany.. study of fossils and plant evolution.
- Mycology.. study of fungi.
- Phycology... Study of algae.
Classification Of plants
In the study of Botany. The plant is classified in the following categories.
Flowering plants and Non-flowering Plants.
1. flowering plants.
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| China Rose |
" Plant that produces flower fruit and seeds e.g angiosperms.
2.Non-flowering plants. 
" Plant that do not produce seeds or flowers and their reproduction take place by spores e.g, mosses, Ferns.
Some non-flowering plants, called gymnosperms, still produce seeds while others use spores for reproduction."
Non-flowering plants have to two groups...
1.Bryophyta. 2.Gymnosperm.
1 Gymnosperm.
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| Pine Cone Gymnosperms |
Characteristics:
" Gymnosperm, are vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule— that's why they term as “naked seeds” plants
Gymno means " naked" .. Sperm means" Seed "
- Gymnosperms are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity.
- .These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure.
- Gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed within the ovary wall, unlike the angiosperms.
- Before and after fertilization, and before developing into a seed it remains exposed.
- The stem of gymnosperms can be branched or unbranched.
2 Bryophytes...
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| Fern Bryophytes |
" Bryophytes are the first to land adopted plants..they are non-vascular plants
They produce by spores Gemetophyte is dominant.
They found in shady and damp environments.
Bryophytes divided into three classes.
Mosses, Hornworts, and liverworts."
Characteristics
1. Bryophytes are land but Non-vascular plants
2. The bryophytes do not have roots but have crude stems and leaves.
They have “rhizoids” ( thin hair-like structure) also calls false roots instead of roots which helps the plant to anchor to the land surface.
3. Rhizoids Are Not able to absorb nutrients from the soil for the plant.
4.The transport of water and nutrients through diffusion process.
5. The Reproduction takes place By spores.
6. The Female Gametophyte is dominant during the life cycle sporophyte depends on it from food and nutrition.
7. The male part is Anthridium and female part is called Archiginonium.
8. Spore is Biflegelated have to two flagella on one spore.
2.Flowering plants
Angiosperm
Definition
" The plant of a large group that comprises those that have flowers and produce seeds enclosed within a carpel, including herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses, and most trees.
The term comes from the Greek words angeion ("case" or "casing") and sperm ("seed").
About 300,000 species of angiosperm flowering plants, the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae.
Considered as most advanced plants then bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms"
Characteristics
1. In an angiosperm the flower is a reproductive structure there are flower-bearing plants.
2. Pollen trains and ovule are developed in flower.
3. The seeds are enclosed by fruit.
4. They provide us with food, fodder, fuel, medicine and several other commercially important products.
5. The male part is called stamen each stamen consists of Slender filament and anther of the tip.
6. The female part is carpal or pistil consist of stigma style and ovary
7.In angiosperms double-take place.
8. Angiosperm has two groups Monocots and dicots.
Monocots.
" Monocots simply defined as having seeds that contain a single (mono or one ) embryonic leaf known as a cotyledon.
The monocots group that constitutes a majority of our agricultural biomass and include many important crop staples including, but not limited to, rice, wheat, corn, sugar cane, bamboo, onion, and garlic Many more"
Dicots
"Dicot also Called the dicotyledon,
is a term used to describe a group of flowering plants that have two seed leaves or Embryonic leaves?
They are one of the two types of flowering plants that belong to angiosperms
The Dicots also usually have secondary growth that shows up like wood and bark in their stems"
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